Lipids,Lipid-Lowering Therapy,and Neuropathy: A Narrative Review

Statins, or 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors, are the mainstay of treatment for hypercholesterolemia as they effectively reduce LDL-C levels and risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Apart from hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and HDL dysfunction are known risk factors for neuropathy in people with obesity and diabetes. Although there are case reports of statin-induced neuropathy, ad hoc analyses of clinical trials and observational studies have shown that statins may improve peripheral neuropathy. However, large randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses of cardiovascular outcome trials with statins and other lipid-lowering drugs have not reported on neuropathy outcomes. Because neuropathy was not a prespecified outcome in major cardiovascular trials, one cannot conclude whether statins or other lipid-lowering therapies increase or decrease the risk of neuropathy. The aim of this review was to assess if statins have beneficial or detrimental effects on neuropathy and whether there is a need for large well-powered interventional studies using objective neuropathy end points.     

自杀行为及其干预的研究进展

自杀已经成为一个世界范围内的重大公共卫生问题。中国的自杀特征具有独特性。自杀行为的发生往往是内在因素与外部因素相互作用的结果，它与社会学、心理学、伦理学、生物学、精神病学等各方面密切相关。自杀原因虽然错综复杂，但我们要提高意识，认识到自杀是一种可以预防的公共卫生问题。     

Efficacy of various forms of acupuncture for the treatment of urinary incontinence in women: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background and purposeEvidence regarding the efficacy of various forms of acupuncture for the treatment of urinary incontinence (UI) in women is outdated and inconclusive. This review aims to determine the efficacy of different forms of acupuncture for the treatment of UI in women.MethodsMultiple databases were searched from inception to June 2020. Randomized controlled trials that compared various forms of acupuncture to control were included.ResultsTen trials were included in this review. The pooled analysis demonstrated that an increased proportion of women with stress UI (SUI) reported fewer UI episodes (1.73 [95% CI 1.46, 2.04]; p < 0.00001) in the electroacupuncture group than in the sham group. The meta-analysis also revealed a significantly increased number of women who reported the complete cure of SUI in the electroacupuncture combined with pelvic floor muscle training group than in the medication group (RR 2.67 [95% CI 1.51, 4.71]; p = 0.0007). Body and laser acupuncture caused significant decreases in the number of urge accidents (-2.70 [95% CI -4.86, -0.54]; p = 0.01) and the occurrence of urgency symptoms (-3.60[95% CI -5.34, -1.86]; p < 0.0001), compared with sham acupuncture.ConclusionsBased on the findings of this review, electroacupuncture may be able to improve SUI in women in clinical settings. This review also identified evidence supporting the use of body, electro,- and laser acupuncture for the treatment of urge UI; however, these results were obtained from single studies, and further research remains necessary to confirm the effects of these interventions on the treatment of urge UI in women.     

氯化镉诱发16HBE细胞系恶性转化过程中TIF3 p36的变化

目的 探讨氯化镉诱发人支气管上皮细胞（16HBE）恶性转化过程中不同阶段蛋白翻译起始因子（TIF3）p36 mRNA表达水平的变化,为进一步阐明氯化镉的分子致癌机制提供线索.方法 应用逆转录-聚合酶链式反应（RT-PCR）技术,以及敏感先进的Taqman荧光定量PCR方法,检测并分析氯化镉诱发16HBE恶性转化不同阶段即转化期间细胞、转化细胞和成瘤细胞的TIF3 p36 mRNA表达量的变化.结果 相对于非转化对照细胞（16HBE）,氯化镉诱发恶性转化不同阶段细胞（转化期间细胞、转化细胞和成瘤细胞）的TIF3 p36 mRNA基因表达水平均明显升高（P＜0.01或P＜0.05）,其中低剂量组（5 μmol/L）所转化的各阶段细胞的eIF3 p36 mRNA平均表达量分别是对照细胞的3.1、5.9和9.9倍,中剂量组（10 μmol/L）的各阶段转化细胞的TIF3平均表达量分别是对照细胞的7.1、6.8和14.8倍,高剂量组（15 μmol/L）的各阶段转化细胞的TIF3 p36平均表达量分别是对照细胞的3.6、3.0和9.1倍.这些不同剂量组的研究结果提示,eIF3 p36的异常表达量与氯化镉诱发16HBE细胞恶变程度之间有正相关关系,但与镉的剂量无关.结论 氯化镉在诱发16HBE细胞恶变过程中,存在明显的蛋白翻译启动因子eIF3 p36异常表达现象,其表达水平与细胞的恶变程度密切相关,这可能是氯化镉诱发人细胞肿瘤的重要分子致癌机制之一.     

S1PR1 expression correlates with inflammatory responses to Newcastle disease virus infection

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is the causative agent of Newcastle disease, which is characterized by inflammatory pathological changes in the organs of chickens. The inflammatory response to this disease has not been well characterized. Previous reports showed that the sphingosine-1-phosphate-1 receptor (S1PR1), a G protein-coupled receptor, is important to the activation of inflammatory responses. To understand better the viral pathogenesis and host inflammatory response, we analyzed S1PR1 expression during NDV infection. We observed a direct correlation between chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) cellular inflammatory responses and S1PR1 expression. Virulent NDV-infected CEF cells also had elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-18). When S1PR1 was inhibited by using the specific antagonist W146, pro-inflammatory cytokine production declined. Overexpression of S1PR1 resulted in increased virus-induced IL-1β production. S1PR1 expression levels did not impact significantly NDV replication. These findings highlight the important role of S1PR1 in inflammatory responses in NDV infection.